How to type Integral
To type Integral (∫), press Alt + 8747 on Windows, holding Alt while typing the digits on the numeric keypad, or press Option + B on Mac, or write ∫ in HTML. On any system you can copy it from this page, or enter its codepoint U+222B directly: Ctrl+Shift+U then 222b on Linux, or 222b then Alt+X in Microsoft Word.
Integral
- Copy it
- Unicode
- U+222B
- Windows
- Alt + 8747 needs regedit
| Where | Shortcut | How |
|---|---|---|
| Windows | Alt + 8747 | Above 255, so Windows will not accept it as typed. Copy the character instead. |
| Mac | Option + B | Press the keys together. |
| HTML | ∫ | Paste this into HTML source. |
| Unicode | U+222B | INTEGRAL |
Other math symbols
∫ lives in the Mathematical Operators block (U+2200-U+22FF), the core set of mathematical and logical operators. Within Unicode it is classified as Sm, a mathematical symbol. Software may lay it out with the spacing an operator expects.
How to type ∫ on a phone
On a phone, neither iOS nor Android has a codepoint route. Copy ∫ from this page once, then add it as a text replacement (Settings, General, Keyboard on iOS) so a short abbreviation expands to it from then on.
What Integral is used for
In mathematical notation ∫ is a large operator: it takes limits above and below it in displayed maths and shrinks them to sub- and superscripts inline, which is why the same expression looks different in a paragraph and on its own line. That is the classification unicode-math gives it, and it is what decides how the symbol is set: $\int$ in LaTeX, in maths mode rather than in a sentence.
Unicode publishes a second list of names for ∫ in CLDR, the keywords its own search data offers rather than the formal name, and it is calculus. That word is what somebody looking for this character is liable to type when Integral is not the name they know it by, and the search on the symbol lists matches it as well as the Unicode name.
What Unicode says about Integral
The code chart points from ∫ to latin small letter esh (U+0283). These are the characters the standard thinks you might have meant instead, which makes them the ones worth checking when Integral looks nearly right but not quite.
How Integral behaves in software
∫ is East Asian Ambiguous: one column in a Western locale and two in a CJK one. That is why a table that lines up on your machine can break on somebody else's, with no change to the text at all. It carries no direction of its own, so in a line that mixes English with Arabic or Hebrew it takes the direction of the text around it rather than forcing one. It is a mirrored character: in right-to-left text it is drawn reversed, so it keeps pointing at what it pointed at.
What people ask about Integral
What does y prime mean in calculus?
∫ is INTEGRAL, encoded at U+222B. It is distinct from latin small letter esh (U+0283), which the chart lists beside it precisely because they are confused for one another.
How to type integral symbol in mobile keyboard?
You can press Alt + 8747 on Windows, with Num Lock on and the digits typed on the numeric keypad, or press Option + B on Mac. Either produces ∫.
Every way to write Integral
| Form | Value |
|---|---|
| Codepoint | U+222B |
| Decimal | 8747 |
| UTF-8 bytes | E2 88 AB |
| UTF-16 bytes | 22 2B |
| HTML entity | ∫ |
| HTML numeric | ∫ or ∫ |
| CSS | \222B |
| JavaScript | \u222B |
| Python | \u222B |
| URL-encoded | %E2%88%AB |
| LaTeX, in maths mode | $\int$ |
| SVG | 222B.svg · (SIL Open Font License) |
If ∫ arrives as ∫
One character has become three, which is what a three-byte UTF-8 sequence looks like when each byte is read separately: E2 88 AB read as Windows-1252 gives exactly ∫. The text is intact and the damage is in the reading, so setting the reader to UTF-8 restores it and retyping does not. A rectangle instead of the mojibake means the opposite: the encoding is right and the font has no glyph at U+222B, which for a character this far outside Latin-1 is common in older office fonts.